Biography Ibrai Altynsarin

Ibrai Altynsarin Altynsarin Ibrai was born on November 2 of the year in the Arakaragay volost of the Nikolaev district of the Torgay region. Having lost his father early, he was brought up in the family of the older brother of Balkozh Biya. He died on August 30.

Altynsarin is a prominent representative of Kazakh education, teacher, public figure in the field of school education. Among its practical merits is the opening of the first people's school, the release of anthology in the Kazakh language and the introduction of Islam as a subject of learning in their native language. His desire to teach the children of the Kazakhs in such a way that they can be useful to their people and join the achievements of agriculture, industry met resistance from two sides.

The tsarist administration was interested in preparing the lower link of officials from the local population who were able to conduct office work in Russian, to be clerks, translators, educated in the spirit of adaptability to the colonial policy of tsarism. Therefore, she outwardly did not oppose the initiative of Altynsarin on teaching children of Kazakhs to the Russian language, but she did not provide the idea of ​​a wide education.

On the other hand, the local clergy opposed Ibrai’s innovations, trying to convince that he allegedly wants to “baptize” Kazakh children and prepare them for the “soldier’s service” in the Russian army. Altynsarin really opposed ignorance, superstition, closing in the framework of outdated nomadic life and those ministers of the cult that were used for mercenary purposes and even in the interests of imperial ideology, according to which, "following Mohammed, be servants of the White Tsar." Altynsarin as an enlightener is inherent in the cult of knowledge and faith in the impressiveness of knowledge for the development of society and every human individuality.

Contemporaries, who followed the literary activity of Ibrai Altynsarin, were already able to evaluate how much it is responsible for the needs of the people. Among the merits, in addition to their own literary creativity, is the compilation of anthology in the native language that meets the spirit of the people, the compilation of the first collections of folk poetry and the first book works intended for initial folk reading.

But Ibrai is not only a teacher-educator, he is a theoretician-ethnographer, historian, economist and plus for all this an official, forced to defend his undertakings and settle things contrary to counteracts, intrigues, and slander. He literally performs a titanic work on the organization of educational institutions, the selection of personnel, the equipment and supply of the school; Conceptions for children, trifles of life, financial statements, etc.

In understanding the possible ways of entering the Kazakhs into the civilized community, the idea of ​​"natural development" is occupied by the humanism of the enlightener and criticism of the colonial policy of tsarism. The latter was hidden by hypocritically ideological arguments about the "benefits of sedimentation" and the "civilizer mission" of the Russian Empire, while in fact it was about pushing the Kazakhs from their own lands.

Not only are the methods of tsarism unproductive in their very essence, in addition to this, they alienate the “foreigners” from the Russians .. The most decisive way the idea of ​​preferred the “natural course of affairs” is expressed in the Altynsarin article “regarding the famine in the Kyrgyz steppe”. Binding the education and education of the people with settledness, with cities and convenient ways of messages, he categorically opposes the project “as soon as possible” from the nomad to sedentary through “forced measures”.

He regards a similar project as the robbery of any suitable land among the colonized people, since the "special advantages of" Russian peasants-colonists over the Kazakhs are emphasized, and the latter are declared incapable of agriculture if they are not "forced" to this. By operating with specific data, Altynsarin proved that the Kazakhs themselves show the desire to be quite persistent to the "changes of centuries of life" in the sense of sedentaryness.

To this, he adds a very significant remark associated with the future of agriculture and cattle breeding in the region. In some steppe counties, it is more profitable to develop cattle breeding, and agriculture is not expected to have any future. You can think about this remark now. An essential element of the worldview of Altynsarin is the interpretation of Islam, which can be judged by the fact that it compiled a textbook on Islam.

Ibrai stood in the positions of enlightened liberal Islam. All the work of Altynsarin is permeated with the idea of ​​organic occupation of innovation to the traditions and customs of the people.