The biography of the creator of the alphabet

The cognitive hour “In the beginning was a word. About the life of Cyril and Methodius ”listen to Hello, today we will talk about our history, about the emergence of Slavic writing. Every year, May 24, Russia celebrates the Day of Slavic Writing and Culture. Without culture, literacy, writing, a nation, people, state cannot live. But people did not always own the art of writing. This art has developed for a long time, for many millennia.

Do you know who we should be grateful for our written word on which our favorite books are written? For our diploma, which we study at school? For our great Russian literature, which you meet and will still study in high school. Cyril and Methodius lived in the world, two Byzantine monks and suddenly there is no legend, not a myth, not a parody, one of them thought: “Friend!

How many Slavs are without Christ beless! It is necessary to create an alphabet for the Slavs ... It is thanks to the works of the saints of the Equal -to -the -Apostles brothers Cyril and Methodius that the Slavic alphabet was created. The brothers were born in the Byzantine city of Soluni in the family of a military leader. Methodius was the eldest son, and, having chosen the military path, went to serve in one of the Slavic regions.

His brother, Cyril, was born for years later than Methodius, and already in childhood heatedly loved science, hit teachers with brilliant abilities. At the age of 14, his parents sent him to Constantinople, where he studied grammar and geometry, arithmetic, astronomy and medicine, ancient art, well mastered the Slavic, Greek, Jewish, Latin and Arabic languages. Having abandoned the high administrative position he proposed to him, Cyril took the modest place of the librarian in the Patriarchal Library and at the same time taught philosophy at the university, for which he received the nickname “Philosopher”.

His older brother Methodius entered military service early. Being an honest and straightforward person, intolerant of injustice, he left military service and retired to the monastery. In the year, ambassadors from Moravia arrived in Constantinople in order to ask to send preachers to their country and tell the population about Christianity. The emperor decided to send Cyril and Methodius to Moravia.

Cyril, before setting on the road, asked if Morava have an alphabet for his own language - “for the enlightenment of the people without writing his language, like attempts to write in the water,” Cyril explained. To which I received a negative answer. Moravs did not have the alphabet, then the brothers began the work. At their disposal were not years, but months. They worked in the early morning, barely growing, and until late in the evening, when it was already ripening in the eyes of fatigue.

In a short time, the ABC for Moravs was created. She was named after one of her creators - Cyril - Cyrillic. With the help of the Slavic alphabet, Cyril and Methodius very quickly translated the main liturgical books from Greek to Slavic. The first book written in Cyrillic was “Ostromyrovo Gospel”, in the first words written with the help of the Slavic alphabet, was the phrase - “In the beginning was the Word and the Word was among God, and the Word was God.” And now, for more than a thousand years, the Church Slavonic language has been used in the Russian Orthodox Church during a worship.

The Slavic alphabet existed in Rus' for more than seven centuries. Its creators tried so that each letter of the first Russian alphabet would be simple and clear, easy for writing. They remembered that the letters should be beautiful so that the person who barely saw them immediately wanted to master the letter. Hence the winged phrases “Az and Buki - that’s all sciences”, “” ”Who knows“ az ”and“ beeches ”of the book in hand.” In addition, the letters could also indicate the numbers.

There were 43 letters in Cyrillic. The Cyrillic alphabet lasted in the Russian language unchanged to Peter I, who removed the outdated letters without which it was quite possible to do - “US Big”, “Small”, “Omega”, “UK”. In the year, another 5 letters left the Russian alphabet - “Yat”, “Fita”, “Izhitsa”, “ER”, “Ere”. Over a thousand years, many letters have disappeared from our alphabet, and only two - “th” and “yo” appeared.

And then, finally, 33 letters remain in modern alphabet. And how do you think the word “alphabet” came from - according to the name of the first letters of the alphabet, “az” and “beech”; In Rus', there were several more names of the alphabet - “Abovega” and “Book”. Why is the alphabet called alphabet? The history of the word is interesting. It was born in ancient Greece and consists of the names of the first two letters of the Greek alphabet: “alpha” and “beta”.

Western language native speakers call: Alfabet. And we pronounce as an “alphabet”. The Slavs were very happy: other peoples of European, Franks, Britons did not have their own writing. The Slavs now had their own alphabet, and everyone could learn how to read the book!

The deaf began to hear, and the dumb ones began to speak, because until that time the Slavs were like deaf and dumb ” - recorded in the annals of those times. Not only children, but also adults began to study. They wrote with sharp sticks on wooden planks covered with wax. Children fell in love with their teachers Cyril and Methodius.The little Slavs happily went to classes, because such an interesting journey along the roads of truth!

With the advent of the Slavic alphabet, the written culture began to develop rapidly. In Bulgaria, Serbia, Books appeared in Rus'. And how they were decorated! The first letter - the letter - began every new chapter. The letter is unusually beautiful: in the form of a beautiful bird or flower, it was signed in bright, more often red colors. Therefore, the term “red line” exists today.

The Slavic manuscript book could be created for six to seven years and was very expensive. In a precious salary, with illustrations, it today is a real monument of art. Once upon a time, when the history of the great Russian power was just beginning, “it” was expensive. One could be exchanged for a herd of horses or a herd of cows, for sables of fur coats. And the point here is not in jewelry, in which the beauty and clever dressed up.

And she walked only in expensive embossed leather, in pearls and precious stones! Golden and silver fasteners adorned her outfit! Admiring her, people said: “Light, you are ours! During the invasion of enemies, she was captured with people. She could die in a fire or when floods. She was very cherished: she inspired hope, returned the power of the spirit. What kind of outlandish is this.

Yes, guys, this is her majesty - a book. She retained to us the word of God and the traditions of distant years. The first books were handwritten. For the rewriting of one book, months, and sometimes years, went. Monasteries have always been centers of books in Rus'. There, in a post and prayer, hardworking monks rewritten and decorated books. The collection of books in manuscripts was considered a rarity.

Life is coming, and in the middle of the 16th century, printing appeared in Rus'. The printed court in Moscow appeared under Ivan the Terrible. It was led by Ivan Fedorov, who is called the first a typography. Being a deacon and serving in the temple, he tried to realize his dream - to rewrite sacred books without scribes. And in the year he began the set of the first page of the first printed book - The Apostle.

In total, he published 12 books in his life, among them was a complete Slavic Bible. The Slavic alphabet is amazing and is still considered one of the most convenient writing systems. And the names of Cyril and Methodius, the “primary teachers of the Slovenian”, became a symbol of a spiritual feat. And each person studying the Russian language must know and store the holy names of the first Slavic enlighteners - the brothers Cyril and Methodius in his memory.

In wide Rus' - our mother, the bell ringing is pouring. Nowadays, the Saints Cyril and Methodius are glorified for their labors. Cyril and Methodius, brothers from Soluni- Slovenian enlighteners, creators of the Slavic alphabet, preachers of Christianity. They are called holy teachers. Enlighteners are those who bring light and illuminate them all. Without the ABC, there is no writing, but without it there is no book that enlightens people, which means that life moves forward.

Monuments to great enlighteners around the world remind us of the spiritual feat of Cyril and Methodius, who gave the world the Slavic alphabet. In memory of the great feat of Cyril and Methodius on May 24, the day of Slavic writing is celebrated around the world. In the year of the millennium, from the date of the creation of the Slavic letter in Russia, the Holy Synod adopted a resolution in which "everyday, starting from this year, on the 11th day of May, church celebration to St.

Cyril and Methodius." Up to a year in Russia celebrated the church holiday of the Holy Equal -to -the -Apostles Brothers Cyril and Methodius. With the advent of Soviet power, this great holiday was forgotten.