Nikolai biography

Nicholas I, he became the third son of Emperor Paul I and Empress Maria Fedorovna. Nikolai was not his eldest son and therefore did not claim the throne. It was assumed that he would devote himself to a military career. At half a year, the boy received the title of colonel, and in three years already flaunted in the uniform of the Life Guards of the Horse Regiment. The responsibility for the education of Nikolai and his younger brother Mikhail was assigned to General Lamzdorf.

Holy education consisted in the study of economics, history, geography, jurisprudence, engineering and fortification. A special emphasis was on the study of foreign languages: French, German and Latin. The humanities did not give much pleasure to Nikolai, but everything that was connected with engineering and military affairs attracted his attention. In childhood, Nikolai took possession of the play on the flute and took drawing lessons, and this acquaintance with art allowed him to be considered a connoisseur of the opera and ballet in the future.

In July, the wedding of Nikolai Pavlovich with Princess Frederick Louise Charlotte Wilhelmina Prussian, who took the name of Alexander Fedorovna, took place. And since that time, the Grand Duke began to actively take part in the arrangement of the Russian army. He headed engineering units, under his leadership educational institutions were created in companies and battalions.

In the year, with his assistance, the Main Engineering School and the School of Guards Springers were opened. Nevertheless, in the army he was disliked for excessive pedantry and pickup to the little things. In the year there was a turning point in the biography of the future Emperor Nicholas I: his older brother Alexander I said that in connection with the refusal of the throne of Konstantin, the right to reign passes to Nikolai.

For Nikolai Pavlovich, the news was a shock, he was not ready for this. Despite the protests of his younger brother, Alexander I secured this right to a special manifesto. However, December 1, November 19 under Art. Nikolai again tried to abandon the reign and shift the burden of power to Constantine. Only after the publication of the royal manifest, indicating the heir to Nikolai Pavlovich, he had to agree with the will of Alexander I.

The date of the oath in front of the troops on Senate Square was scheduled for December 26, December 14 under Art. It was this date that became decisive in the speech of participants in various secret societies, which went down in history as an uprising of the Decembrists. The plan of revolutionaries was not implemented, the army did not support the rebels, and the performance was crushed.

After the trial, the five leaders of the uprising were executed, and a large number of participants and sympathizers went into exile. The reign of Nicholas I began very dramatic, but there were no other executions during his reign. The wedding at the kingdom took place on August 22 in the Assumption Cathedral of the Kremlin, and in May the new emperor entered into the rights of the autocrat of the Polish kingdom.

The first steps of Nicholas I in politics were quite liberal: A. Pushkin returned from exile, V. Zhukovsky became the mentor of the heir; Nikolai also says about the liberal views of Nicholas that the Ministry of State Property was headed by P. Kiselev, not a supporter of serfdom. Nevertheless, history showed that the new emperor was an ardent adherent of the monarchy. Its main slogan, which determines state policy, was expressed in three postulates: autocracy, Orthodoxy and nationality.

The main thing that Nicholas I sought and achieved by his policy was not to create new and the best, but to preserve and improve the existing order. The imperial of the emperor to conservatism and the blind letter of the law led to the development of an even greater bureaucracy in the country. In fact, a whole bureaucratic state has been created, whose ideas continue to live to date.

The most severe censorship was introduced, a division of a secret office, led by Benckendorf, which a political investigation was created. Very closely observed printing was established. During the reign of Nicholas I, some changes affected the existing serfdom. Unprocessed lands in Siberia and the Urals began to be mastered, the peasants were sent to their rise, regardless of desire.

In the new lands, infrastructure was created, peasants were supplied with new agricultural technology. Under Nicholas I, the first railway was built. The track of Russian roads was wider than European, which contributed to the development of domestic technology. The reform of finance began, which was supposed to introduce a unified system of calculating silver coins and banknotes. A special place in the king’s policy was concerned about the penetration of liberal ideas into Russia.

Nicholas I sought to destroy all dissent not only in Russia, but throughout Europe. Without the Russian king, the suppression of all kinds of uprisings and revolutionary riots did not do. As a result, he received a well -deserved nickname "Gendarme of Europe." All the years of the reign of Nicholas I are filled with military operations abroad. In the year, the UNKYAR-ISSKALESI Treaty was signed, which became the highest point of Russian influence on Constantinople.Russia received the right to block the passage of foreign ships to the Black Sea.

True, soon this right was lost as a result of the conclusion of the Second London Convention in the year. The Crimean War was the culmination of the reign of Nicholas I. It was she who was the collapse of the emperor’s political career.

He did not expect that the UK and France would come to the aid of Turkey. Austria’s policy also caused fear, the unfriendliness of which forced the Russian Empire to keep an entire army on the western borders. As a result, Russia lost influence in the Black Sea, lost the opportunity to build and use military fortresses on the coast. In the year, Nicholas I fell ill with the flu, but, despite the malaise, in February he went to a military parade without outerwear ...

The emperor died on March 2 of the year. Cover: Franz Kruger.