Gogol biography Culture

On the significance of Gogol in the history of Russian literature Voropaev V. Moscow State University named after For Russia, Russian culture, this is a significant date. The interest of our compatriots in Gogol's work never faded away. What is the secret of such popularity? Gogol is not only the classic of Russian literature, but also the great patriot of Russia.

If only loves Russian Russia, he will love everything that is in Russia. God himself now leads to this love. Without diseases and suffering, which in such a set have accumulated inside it and which we ourselves, would not have felt none of us compassion for her. And the compassion is already the beginning of love ”VIII, this letter called Gogol“ We need to love Russia ”and included in the book“ Selected places from correspondence with friends ”, was prohibited by censorship and was not printed during the life of the author.

Unfortunately, it is not so widely known today. And the book itself, which is written a lot, is hardly understood in its essence. In it, Gogol publicly expressed his views on faith, church, tsarist power, Russia, the word of the writer. He acted as a state thinker striving for the best structure of the country, the establishment of the only correct hierarchy of posts in which everyone fulfills his duty in their place and the more deeply recognizes his responsibility than this place above.

All issues of life-domestic, public, state, literary-have religious and moral meaning for Gogol. Recognizing and accepting the existing order of things, he sought to transform society through a person’s transformation. As long as he will not live at least at least a life of a heavenly citizen, until then he will not go in order and earthly citizenship ”of the XIII, Gogol pointed to two conditions, without which no good transformations in Russia are impossible.

First of all, you need to love Russia. What does it mean - to love Russia?

The writer explains: “The one who wants to truly honest in Russia needs to have a lot of love for it, which would already absorb all other feelings-you need to have a lot of love for a person in general and become a true Christian in the whole sense of the word” VIII, should also not do anything without blessing the Church: “For me, a madness and the idea of ​​introducing some kind of innovation to Russia, without having our church, without asking for it, Blessing.

It is ridiculous even to our thoughts to instill in any European ideas, until it will chubs them with the light of Christ "VIII, for Gogol the concept of Christianity is above civilization. He saw the key to the identity of Russia and its main spiritual value in Orthodoxy. Gogol taught a conscious, responsible attitude to life. Shortly before his death, in a letter to Archpriest Matthew Konstantinovsky, the modern man has largely lost the idea of ​​why he lives, what he should do with his life.

Previously, he understood this through the Orthodox faith, which teaches a sense of responsibility. Folklore images and plots gleaned from traditions, folk songs and thoughts are combined in Gogol's works with life realism, forming a unique artistic synthesis. The great connoisseur of the human soul, who knew how to incorrectly evil in human nature, was also a brilliant lyricist, subtly and soulfully able to feel the beauty of the native nature and greatness of the human spirit.

Gogol sang the heroic past of the Cossacks, knightly devotion to the Fatherland and, at the same time, in a poetic song image, an uncontrollably rushing three-tier bird expressed confidence in the great spiritual future of his country and people. For him, the Russian and Little Russian-Gemini-brothers, called to make “something perfect in humanity” of the XII, as for the artistic style of Gogol, he sought to develop it so that the elements of the Church Slavonic and folk language merge in it.

This is confirmed, in particular, the “materials for the dictionary of the Russian language” collected by him, where the words of both dialect and Church Slavonic are represented. According to Gogol, the characteristic property of the Russian language is “the most daring transitions from exalted to simple in the same speech” VIII, while he emphasized that under the Russian language “not the language that is now dodging in everyday life, and not the language that has formed during all the abuse of our, but that truly Russian language is unzipled throughout the Russian land, it Despite our alienation in his land, which has not yet touched the work of our life, but, however, everyone hears that it is a truly Russian language ...

”VIII, these thoughts formed the basis of the characterization of the Gogol of the Russian language in the article“ What finally the essence of Russian poetry and what is its peculiarity ”, which can rightfully be called the aesthetic manifesto of the writer. It is not surprising that Gogol is partly and penetrated the secret of this born language. Having acquired precious experience, he sought to share it with friends of the literary, for example, Nikolai Language, whom he wrote in the cityThis reading will seem difficult and tiring to you, take it up for it like a fisherman, with a pencil in your hand, read soon and fluently and stop only where the majestic, unexpected word or turn will amaze you, write down and mark them into the material.

I swear it will be the door on the great road that you will come to! Your lyre will be set up there, unheard of the world of sounds and, perhaps, touches those strings for which it is given to you by God ”XII, the preserved notebooks of Gogol’s extracts from the creations of the Holy Fathers and liturgical books indicate that he was well aware of Christian books. Apparently, he was looking for ways to become a spiritual writer in the proper sense of the word.

Spiritual, church literature in the form has a number of differences from secular literature, although there are some general techniques between these types of literature, including artistic ones. But spiritual creativity has a strictly defined goal aimed at explaining the meaning of life according to Christian creed. Such creativity is based on the Holy Scriptures and has certain signs.

The writer who has undertaken to solve the issues of the innermost life of the “inner person” himself must be an Orthodox Christian. He is also obliged to thoroughly know the previous tradition of church literature, and it goes into the roots in the Holy Gospel - the source of the spiritual word, which is sharply distinguished in its orientation from the foundation that gave rise to fiction in the whole variety of its manifestations.

Finally, for a church writer, a living faith is necessary in the Providence of God, that in the Universe everything is done according to the incomprehensible plan of its creator. In his mature work, Gogol approached precisely to such an understanding of the goals of literature. The purpose of art, Gogol believed, to serve as an “invisible step towards Christianity”, for the modern person “is not able to meet directly with Christ” VIII, according to Gogol, the literature must fulfill the same task as the compositions of spiritual writers, to educate the soul, to lead it to perfection.

This is the only excuse for art for him. And the higher his view of art, the more demanding he reacted to himself as a writer. The essence of Gogol’s creative development lies in the fact that from a purely artistic works, where the liturgical, church theme was, as it were, in the subtext, he moves to it directly in “thoughts on the divine liturgy”, essays like the “Rules of Life in the World” actually spiritual prose, and in the journalism of “selected places from correspondence with friends”.

The new genres of Gogol’s mature work include prayers compiled by him, as well as systematized extracts from the creations of the Holy Fathers and Teachers of the Church-works that are more likely for such an ascetic writer as, for example, St. Ignatius Bryanchaninov than for a secular writer. Gogol’s prayers written in the second half of the xg. In comprehension of the secrets of the penetrating lyricism of church poetry, the awareness of the significance of the Church Slavonic language in the formation of the Russian literary language, Gogol was ahead of his time.

For Gogol, the Russian literary language is the only and direct heir to the Church Slavonic language, which in the Slavic world was sometimes called Russian and who was a common -Slavic book literary language. Once, in a conversation with his fellow countryman, O. Dominant for Russians, Czechs, Ukrainians and Serbs, there should be a single shrine-Pushkin’s language, which is the Gospel for all Christians ...

”3 At the end of his life, in the fall of G. there, along with his father, Feodor Bukharev, he visited students of the Moscow Spiritual Academy. We all work for one owner. ”” Despite the brevity of the words said by Gogol, he nevertheless expressed an important idea to future shepherds that he feels his community with them in the ministry of Christ 4. Konstantin Mochulsky in the book “The Spiritual Way of Gogol”, referring to Gogol’s significance in the history of Russian literature, wrote: “Gogol was brilliantly gifted in the moral field; It is cool to turn all Russian literature from aesthetics to religion, to move it from Pushkin’s path to Dostoevsky’s path.

All the features characterizing the “great Russian literature”, which became the world, were outlined by Gogol: its religious and moral system, its citizenship and the public, its combat and practical character, its prophetic pathos and messianism. A wide road begins with Gogol, world expanses. Gogol’s power was so great that he managed to make the incredible: turn the Pushkin era of our literature into an episode, to which there is no return and cannot be.

”5. There are a lot of truth in these words, although, probably, a fracture in Russian literature was not so harsh. In the same Pushkin, especially the mature Pushkin x. A lot was spoken about the significance of Gogol in the history of Russian literature. Perhaps more precisely, Archpriest Pavel Svetlov, professor of theology of Kyiv University of St.“Vladimir:“ Gogol’s thought about the need to coordinate the whole life with the demand of the Gospel, so persistently expressed by him in our literature for the first time, was that kind seed, which grew into a magnificent fruit of later Russian literature in its best and dominant ethical direction.

The call to society to renew the principles of Christianity stored in the Orthodox Church was and remains the great merit of Gogol to the fatherland and the work of the great courage for his time, which had been having a murderer in the principles of European culture. ”6. In conclusion, we give the words said by the new martyr Archpriest John the enthusiastic in Gogol in the city, he was a writer and a man who was true He checked life and worldview only by the truth of Christ.

Yes, it is gratifying to give prayer commemoration before God and glory before people to such a writer in our age of the dominance of the rubdated word - the writer who fulfilled the Bettlement of the Apostle: your word may be dissolved 7. And there is a lot in his scriptures of this force, which protects the thought from decomposition and decay that makes the spiritual, the spiritual, which is easily assumed.

During the life of Gogol, they appreciated primarily as a satirist and humorist. Much in his work became clear later. Any direction or course in literature could rightfully see its forerunner in it. Gogol became the first representative of the deep and tragic religious and moral aspiration to which Russian literature is imbued. The ideal of the church life put forward by him is the ideal to this day deeply significant for Russia.

Gogol’s literary significance is huge. A whole period of Russian literature is named after him. Nevertheless, he entered the consciousness of contemporaries and subsequent generations as an example of a Russian writer, recognizing his responsibility for the matter to which he was called up.