Biography Kulish Panteleimon

Is Mazepa a hero or a traitor? Byron and Pushkin’s image of the hetman, the first Ukrainian Walterskottov novel, was the “Black Rada” Kulisha with her appeal to heroic Cossack mythology. But his own life novels are not less impressive. Kulish has Westernate attitudes, writes about the need to put Ukrainian chicken in Europe. Translates Shakespeare, Mitskevich. We still use his translation of the Holy Scriptures.

Political repressions, this generation of domestic intellectuals was no longer limited to literature - they begin to embody the political project. In the year, a secret Cyril-Mephodian fraternity arises, which in fact for the first time in the territory of the Russian Empire proclaimed the idea of ​​national liberation and development of Ukraine as an independent state. The tsarist power immediately caught the threat to its existence - and punished the brothers strictly.

The young wife, Alexander from Belozersky, rushes to the Petersburg to bother for her husband.

Then there was a hermit in the exile, where they lived at the expense of her dowry. After this disaster, Kulish refuses political activity, but with incredible dedication is engaged in cultural, publishing, literary projects. In St. Petersburg, he managed, enlisted the support of the philanthropists, in particular Vasily Tarnovsky, to organize a printing house, to establish a publication of books, collections, and the first Ukrainian journal "Basis" appears.

An uninteresting wife love for his wife could not stand the test of difficulties and poor life. The husband jokingly called her "economic abilities": she is obedient, accommodating - and uninteresting. It’s good with Alexandra Mikhailovna on the farm, but he was shy in her people in St. Petersburg. For the public, this was explained by her nervous disease. He is engaged in literary work, in the end she made a certain name as the author of poetry and prose Anna Barvinok.

Meanwhile, the type of non -partic new women, emancipated. Kulish, it seems, preferred epistolary novels that did not oblige to anything. Provincial young ladies, daughters of Ukrainian landowners, he urged to study his native story, record songs and observe popular life. His correspondents were waiting for some more intimate letters, so soon the metropolitan prophet was disappointed.

Kulish was quite old in his preferences, loved sentimental novels and considered the incredibly popular Georges Sand to a bad writer. Maria Markovich sent Kulisha to publish her first stories, and the master's work was incredibly liked. And due to the fact that it was restrained and shy, a literary mentor called her a "silent deity." Allegedly, he came up with the pseudonym "Marco Vovchok".

Subsequently, vengeful - revenge was still characteristic of his nature - he insisted that immediately, they say, he felt her "wolf" predatory nature. In fact, most likely, the literary name appeared from consonance with the real name of the writer. And he claimed the role of a teacher, guardian and, of course, a lover. Kulish very quickly tired Maria Alexandrovna with her moralizing and hypochondria.

For the first time, he did not abandon the woman, but the chosen one renounced him. Without getting reciprocity, he instantly switched from adoration to hatred. A successful and self -sufficient writer annoys and outrages, she does not need male support, and therefore it is impossible to play male roles that are familiar in the patriarchal society. Kulish still suffers, writes to friends letters imbued with suicidal moods.

Again, it is difficult to distinguish where the writer is sincere, and where he simply uses the stamps of the romantic "verter" rhetoric. Suicide due to unhappy love was a fashionable plot of the first decades of the XIX century. One way or another, the suicidal intentions for the most part end in thoughts that he should live to help his beloved Mary in trouble and poverty, who are waiting for her.

Zinaida Tulub: The repressed “mother” of Roksolans had no reason for such fears, the career of Marco Vovchok was simply brilliant, but, obviously, the dreams of salving her beloved were needed to preserve male dignity. After life defeats, Panteleimon Aleksandrovich repeatedly ran to his farm to heal wounds and scars. He even developed a special philosophy in the famous “letters from the farm”, insisting that the Ukrainian farm is the best of the forms of coexistence invented by mankind.

However, the real business did not go very well with him, and in the end he was going to earn money to the capital. Therefore, after breaking up with Maria Alexandrovna, he reconciled with his wife and went with her on a steamer along the Volga to look for new impressions. The third "nonsense" in the family of Glebov and visiting Chernigov after a while, found a new crazy love.

This time seduced the wife of Leonid Glebov Praskovya. The glory of Donjuana Kulish was flattering. Glebov, knowing the capricious and unstable nature of his wife, gave her freedom of choice. However, Panteleimon Aleksandrovich did not want to go to the final break with his wife, so for some time he was content with the role of the "third" in the family.This romance with the young beauty rejuvenated him, in letters there was even less than the usual moralization.

But a few months later he returns to the usual St. Petersburg work and again claims that there is no greater happiness than books and knowledge gained from them. A cultural chipper, an esthete, who worked in conditions when it was necessary to take care of education for the people, primers and popular brochures, and the organization of institutions that provide the spiritual needs of the enslaved nation.

The cabinet scientist, researcher, writer, Kulish was engaged in many social affairs, constantly with his community conflict. As a Europeanist, he was raised by the modernist generation of the beginning of the twentieth century, designating as one of the central figures of the classic canon. And with the assertion of Soviet value hierarchies for several decades, even the Kulish name for several decades, accusing him of malicious Ukrainian bourgeois nationalism.

Maybe with this bifurcation and complexity of the nature of Kulish today and interesting to us today. Follow our news on Twitter and Telegram, read the same.