Turgenev Biography 1847

Scientific life Biography of Turgenev was born in the city of Oryol on the father of Turgenev belonged to an old noble family, a mother, nee Lutovinova, a rich landowner; In her estate, Spasskoye-Lutovinovo, Mtsensky County of the Oryol province, passed the childhood years of the future writer. He moves to the family to Moscow; Initially, Turgenev studies with home teachers and in private boarding houses, then, in, enters the verbal department of Moscow University, is translated into the historical and philological faculty of St.

Petersburg University. One of the strongest impressions of the early youth - the love of Princess E. Shakhovskaya, who was experiencing an affair with the father of Turgenev at this time, was reflected in the story “First Love” in Turgenev shows his poetic experiments in the romantic spirit to the writer of the Pushkin circle, university professor P. Pletnev; He invites the student to a literary evening there the future writer first saw A.

Pushkin, and prints in the “Contemporary” Turgenev poems “Evening” and “To Venus of the Medicine” at this point, about a hundred poems, mostly not preserved, and the dramatic poem “Wall”. In May, Turgenev goes to Germany to replenish his education. Until August, Turgenev lives in Berlin, listens to lectures at the University of Berlin, is engaged in classical languages, writes poems, communicates with T.

Granovsky, N. after a short stay in Russia, he goes to Italy in January, but from May to May he meets the future founder of international anarchism M., he visits the Bakunins of the Bakunins, converges this one. Family: Soon an affair with T. Bakunina begins, which does not interfere with the connection with the Swede by A. Ivanova in her will give birth to Turgenev’s daughter Pelagey.

In January, Turgenev enters the service of the Ministry of the Interior under the beginning of the ethnographer and lexicographer, the collector of folklore and the compiler of the “Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language” V. The poem appears in the modern material “Parasha”, which was highly appreciated by V. Acquaintance with the critic, who went into friendship in Turgenev, rapprochement with his surroundings in particular, with N.

Nekrasov is changed by his literary orientation: from romanticism, he turns to the ironic-descriptive poem "The landowner", "Andrei", both and prose, close to the principles of "natural school" and not alien to the influence of M. Lermontov "Andrey Kolosov",; "Three portraits",; “Breter” in Turgenev meets the French singer Polina Viardo Viardo-Garcia, the love for which will largely determine his future life.

In May, Turgenev resigns. From the beginning to June, he lives abroad in Germany, France; Turgenev is a witness to the French Revolution: it takes care of a sick Belinsky during his journey; He communicates closely with P. Annenkov, A. Herzen, gets acquainted with J. Sand, P. Merima, A. Chopen, Sh. Guno; writes the novels “Petushkov”, “Diary of an extra person”, the comedy “Bachelor”, “where it is subtle, there,“ Provincial ”both, the psychological drama“ A month in the village ”The main thing of this period is“ Notes of the Hunter ”, a cycle of lyrical essays and stories that began with the story“ Ferry and Kalinich ”; The subtitle “from the notes of the hunter” was invented by I.

Panayev for publication in the “mixture” section of the magazine “Contemporary”; A separate two -volume edition of the cycle came out in, later the stories “End of Chertopkhanov”, “Living relics”, “knocking” this cycle opened Russia and a Russian person were added, laid the foundation for the “peasant topic” in domestic literature and glorified Turgenev in Russia and beyond.

Arriving to Moscow from traveling around Europe, trips to St. Petersburg, Spasskoye - Lutovinovo and Turgenevo, the family estate of his father in the Tula district, he stops at the mother of Varvara Petrovna in her house rented on Ostozhenka. In April, for an article for the death of N. Gogol, prohibited by censorship in St. Petersburg and published in Moscow, Turgenev, at the highest command, was put under arrest in the police station there the story “Mumu” ​​was written.

In May, she was sent to Spasskoye, where work on an unfinished novel, the story “Two Friends”, acquaintance with A. Fet, active correspondence with S. Aksakov and writers from the circle of “Contemporary” lives until December; In the troubles of the liberation of Turgenev, A. Turgenev lives an important role in July. Living in Russia a departure from Russia is prohibited due to the Crimean war,: in the winter, mainly in St.

Petersburg, in the summer in Spassky. Its nearest environment is the editors of "Contemporary"; Dating with I. Goncharov, L. Tolstoy and A. Ostrovsky, sister of L. Tolstoy Maria Nikolaevna, served as a prototype of the heroine of the story “Faust”. Turgenev takes part in the publication of "Poems" F. Tyutchev and supplies him with a preface. Mutual cooling with distant Polina Viardot leads to a short, but almost ended marriage to the novel with a distant relative O., leaving abroad in July, Turgenev falls into a painful whirlpool of relations with the Viardot family and a daughter brought up in Paris.After the difficult Parisian winter, the gloomy “trip to Polesie” was completed to England, then to Germany, where he writes “Asya”, one of the most poetic novels, and spends the autumn and winter in Italy.

By summer he is in Spassky; In the future, Often, Turgenev’s year will be joints at the “European, Winter” and “Russian, summer” seasons. World glory comes to it: it is translated and published in different countries, he becomes the most popular Russian writer. Because of the beginning of the Franco-Prussian war, after the Viardo family, he moves first to London, and then to Paris, in the suburbs of which he buys the Yaseni estate and builds a dacha in the style of chalet.

In France, Turgenev converges closely with G. Flaubert, E. Goncurs, A. Dode, E. Zola, G. G. his pan -European glory is growing: in the International Literary Congress in Paris, Turgenev, together with Viktor Hugo, was elected co -chair; In him an Honorary Doctor of General Law of Oxford University. Turgenev maintains contacts with Russian revolutionaries P. Lavrov, G. Lopatin and provides material support to emigrants.

Together with G. Lopatin, he founds the Russian public library in Paris, which will be later named after him. He finally comes to him in Russia, where he was criticized for many years, especially after the publication of the novel “Fathers and Children” in Turgenev honors in Moscow and St. Petersburg, in him heads the Honorary Committee for the opening of the monument to A.

Pushkin in Moscow. He exchanges solemn speeches about Pushkin with F. to the old writer experiences a stormy hobby by actress M. Savina, who brightened his last visits to his homeland. In the last period of life, along with the stories about the past “Steppe King Lear”,; “Punin and Baburin”, and “mysterious stories” “Song of triumphant love”, “Clara Milich after death”, and others Turgenev addresses the memoirism “Literary and everyday memories”, acts as the ancestor of the “Little Prose” genre in Russia, creating “Poems in Prose” as if he would summarize the results of life and creativity in the presence of near death.

Death was preceded by more than a year and a half of a painful disease of the spinal cord. Farewell to the body in Paris, at the railway stations along the route of the train that transported the coffin to Russia, and especially the funeral in St. Petersburg resulted in a massive manifestation.

Turgenev died in his cottage in Buzhal, near Paris; He was buried in a wolf cemetery in St. Petersburg.