Brown Karl Biography

Born on June 6, Fulda, Hesse Cassel, Germany. Nobel Prize in Physics of the Year together with Gulelmo Marconi. The wording of the Nobel Committee: “For contribution to the development of wireless telegraph” In Recognition of Their Contributions to the Development of Wireless Telegraphy. As you remember, the “colleague” of Brown according to the prize of the year, Gulelmo Marconi, was born “with a silver spoon in your mouth”: a rich and noble family, a neighbor - a major scientist ...

The path to science, or rather, was simple in physical invention. Carl Ferdinand Brown was different. He was born in the family of a small official of Conrad Brown and his wife Francis, by the way, if his father, the namesake of the FAU-2 Rocket, Werner von Brown, then his mother was a single-player of one of the first persons of the Third Reich, German Goering.

Brown studied at the gymnasium of the small city of Fulda, eager for a year at the University of Marburg, and then moved to Berlin. There he managed to work as an assistant in the laboratory of physicist Henry Gustav Magnus in Berlin. This physicist began with work on the spontaneous combustion of powders, studied gas physics, electrolysis, induction ...

He is known to chemists as a pioneer of the salt of Magnus PT NH3 4 [PT II CL4], and to all of us - as a person who described his name with the name. Yes, when Lionel Messi scores the next ball from the penalty, with a twisted blow by circling the wall, he uses the effect of Magnus. However, the surname of Quincke is more likely not to physicists, but to the doctors: his younger brother, Heinrich Irineus Quincke, not only the first to use a lumbar puncture, well known to “ordinary” people on the series “Doctor House”, but also described an allergic edema, called “Swelling Quincke”.

In the year he received a doctoral degree. It was necessary to think about what to do next. With Quincke, he moved to Würzburg, but in order to occupy the position of assistant, money was needed. And Brown did not have them. Therefore, our hero, without despair, entered the Lipzig school of St. Thomas to work as a school teacher. I wonder if the schoolchildren boasted later that their natural sciences read the Nobel laureate?

We do not know this, but we know that work at school gave Karl not only money, but also time to engage in science. Yes, in those years it was possible to engage in great science for the salary of a school teacher, fully providing itself with experimental attitudes. Already in the year in the article in Annalen Der Physik und chemie, one of the most authoritative magazines of that time, Brown publishes observation: “...

a large number of natural and artificial sulfur metals ... there was different resistance depending on the direction, size and duration of current. No one drew attention to the strange discovery that contradicts the law of OMA, and meanwhile, Brown actually discovered the semiconductor diode. Based on it, then Brown will develop the so -called crystalline detector in English terminology - “Cat Affect detector”.

Because of this detector, which appeared in the year, Alexander Popov was refused in the German patent in the year. Dear scientist, a professor at 26, is very good. However, the next two decades, Brown was almost invisible in science. He built his teaching career, moved from the university to the university: Strasbourg, Tubingen ... He taught, wrote humorous textbooks especially praising his “young mathematics and natural scientist”, and enjoyed the love of students.

By the way, “our” Leonid Mandelstam and Nikolai Papaleksi, the founders of the Russian school of high -frequency technology, are his students. The next most important invention was actually much more worthy of “Nobel” than the work of Brown on the radio. This is an electron beam. And, as its development, an oscilloscope. I must say that the oscilloscope devices for measuring the parameters of the electrical signal were to Brown, but they were all exclusively electromechanical.

If we recall the blunder of one famous journalist, then just up to a year, to Karl Brown, the term “oscilloscope arrow” quite made sense. However, Brown drew attention to the device fashionable at that time - tubes with cathode rays. Remember William Kruks, the opening of the Thomson ... The scientist came to the conclusion that, having taken the crox pipe as a basis, you can create a cathode-rayer to indicate the shape of the electromagnetic wave, since the light spot on the fluorescent screen of the tube, instantly reacting to the electromagnetic field, can synchronously follow its change.

So an oscilloscope appeared without an arrow. He decided to make him accessible to all engineers and physicists and spent a lot of effort both on the scientific advancement of his invention through many publications, and on “condo” popularization through public speeches. Yes, perhaps in the X years it is unlikely that any of the journalists could write about the arrow of the oscilloscope!

It must be said that approximately until the X almost any electronic beam tube, including Zvrykin’s creatures, the name “Brown tube” was fixed. And so, immediately after the invention of the oscilloscope, Brown takes the radio.As biographers write, his motivation was only a desire to put an end to Markoni's monopoly. Marconi radio system really had several important drawbacks.

Brown brought two important improvements immediately: he removed the spark discharge from the transmitter and replaced the so -called bugger with his contacting detector. As a result, energy losses and interference began to interfere with the radio signal much less. In addition, Brown introduced a lot to the theory of directed radio communications, created many rules for building antenna fields and other attributes of modern radio communications.

One cannot but tell about the relationship of our hero and the “Russian father of Radio” Alexander Popov. I must say that, despite the incident with the patent, the relations of Brown and Popov have always been very good, scientists and engineers highly appreciated each other. Popov, for example, directed his students to an internship to Brown. In the investments of one of the companies of Brown, the St.

Petersburg company Siemens and Galsk launched the production of radio stations "according to the system of Professor Popov" in the year, highlighting him one third of net profit. We have already told about the vicissitudes of the Nobel Prize of Marconi and Brown in the previous material. But the fate after the prize of our heroes developed differently, and, the most sad, the life of Karl Ferdinand Brown ended in a fight with Gulelmo Marconi.

His goal, in addition to seeing his son, was a “business”: to protect the Tlefunken controlled company in Berlin, a radio station in Seille, New York, from closing his “comrade” of the Nobel Prize, or rather, Marconi Sompany. The radio station was requisitioned, and the German Nobeliat was interned as a subject of an enemy state. He could not leave Brooklyn, where he died without waiting for the end of the war.

Only in the year his remains were returned to Germany, where they were reburied to the grave of Brown’s parents in the city of Fulde. In conclusion, I must say that now Karl Brown himself has become the “hero” of the award. The Society of Information Display based on the year, uniting developers of all types of screens, has been awarded to the professional prize of Karl Ferdinand Brauna since the year.