Physicist Mendeleev Biography

Mendeleev is the author of fundamental research on physics, metrology, aeronautics, meteorology, agriculture, economics, popular education - sciences closely related to the prospects of the successful economic development of Russia. No wonder he called the science of his main mistress. The relatives of Dmitry Ivanovich played a crucial role in his formation as a scientist and in the formation of his scientific interests.

In the year, Dmitry’s father, Ivan Pavlovich Mendeleev, took the position of director of the Tobolsk gymnasium and schools in the Tobolsk district. Shortly before that, in the year I. Um, education and culture identified I. Mendeleev among the Tobolsk environment. All the cultural light of that time was gathered in the Mendeleev house. After graduating from St.

Petersburg University, Tobolsk returned to Peter Ershov, appointed by the teacher of literature to his native gymnasium. He returned not only with the diploma, but also with the glory of the author of the “skate-hump”, published with the commendable word O. The fairy tale, not only Baron Brahmbeus, but also Vasily Zhukovsky and even Alexander Pushkin, who, having read the fairy tale, said: “Now this kind of works and I can leave me.” Pyotr Ershov was a faithful friend of the Mendeleev family, became a teacher and patron in the future of the great brothers Paul and Dmitry Mendeleev [2].

In addition, in Tobolsk and its environs, the Decembrists, who were released from the hard labor, began to appear - people that were very unusual for the Siberian outback of the mind of the mind, began to appear. Many of them were bolding in real intellectual communication and could not help but reach Mendeleev. Guests of the Mendeleev family treated young Dmitry well, immediately seeing the talent for science in him.

He clearly had the ability to computs - none of those around him could better perform action with large numbers in his mind. He also had a passion for history. And also, listening to adult conversations, young Mendeleev learned to avoid peremptory, categorical judgments, not out of fear and laziness, but due to understanding the complexity of life. He will carry this quality through his whole life, and it will affect the future works of Dmitry Mendeleev [2].

Student Mendeleev in the year Dmitry and his mother leaves Tobolsk to Moscow to enter the university. The family settled in the house of the uncle, V. Korniliev - the Moscow philanthropist, in whose house all the literary light of Moscow and St. Petersburg gathered. This is not surprising - in the year the father of Korniliev, Dmitry Vasilievich, published a “historical magazine, or a meeting from different books”, which published translations from the works of ancient classics or modern Western European literature, as well as stories and essays about the life of the peoples of Asia and Siberia.

A. Delvig, A. Pushkin, E. Baratynsky, F. Gogol, Baron Modest Andreevich Korf, M. Pogodin were in the Korniliev house. That year Dmitry Mendeleev failed to enter Moscow University. As the future scientist wrote in “Biographical Notes” [4]: ​​“In the year he finished the gymnasium in Tobolsk and with their mother, sister Lisa and minister Jacob went to Moscow to enter Moscow University.

But the sovereign Nikolai Pavlovich ordered only from his circle, and despite the friendship of Shevyrev, Kudryavtsev and other professors with Uncle V. Korniliev, I was not accepted ... ” It was decided to enter Petersburg, to the main pedagogical institute. Almost all professors of the institute were part -time workers invited from St. Petersburg University.

And the institute itself was located in the building of the twelve colleges with the university. Dmitry Ivanovich always called A. Voskresensky, who subsequently Mendeleev nicknamed his main institute teacher nicknamed the “grandfather of Russian chemistry”. It was he who helped the young man overcome shyness and confidently stand up to the laboratory table [5].

Another inspirer of Mendeleev at the Pedagogical Institute was the mathematician and mechanic M. Ostrogradsky - an outstanding specialist in the field of analytical mechanics, hydromechanics, the theory of elasticity, heavenly mechanics and mathematical physics. It was Ostrogradsky who taught Mendeleev to use the latest mathematical methods in the work and instilled a widest look at the natural sciences to a talented student.

From the lectures of this scientist, many future Mendeleev studies later grew up. Finally, Mendeleev’s scientific interest was formed by the famous university professor S. Kutorg, who read a course of geology and geognosia at the institute. Under the leadership of S. Kutorgi, Dmitry Mendeleev published his first scientific work about the samples of Ortit and Piroxena minerals brought from Finland [7; 8].

From the voluminous essay “On isomorphism” and Mendeleev’s difficult path to the opening of the periodic law begins. In the fourth year of study at the Main Pedagogical Institute, students mainly engaged in practical and laboratory work, wrote essays on scientific and pedagogical topics set by professors. In senior courses, in addition to work in zoology, mineralogy and translations from Latin, special texts in botany, Mendeleev wrote a number of trial lectures.

Professor F.Brandt Mendeleev prepared a lecture “On the influence of heat on the spread of animals”, in Kutorg - “On Fossil Plants”, in Vyshnegradsky - “On the bodily education of children from birth to seven years”. The topic of the dissertation of Dmitry Mendeleev was isomorphism [9]. The preparation of this dissertation involved me most of all in the study of chemical relations.

With this, she identified a lot ... ". In the first works of Mendeleev, his style as a popularizer of science is already traced. Dmitry Ivanovich could get into the light a lot of contacting thoughts with one phrase. He combined the specific conditions of the problem with philosophical prose, at his discretion he used well -known terms. Dmitry Mendeleev graduated from the university course in the year with a gold medal.

The master in the year Mendeleev was appointed senior teacher of natural sciences in the Simferopol male gymnasium. Mendeleev arrived in the Crimea in the midst of the Crimean war. Despite poor health, Mendeleev actively continued his scientific research, while discussing the nature of the war and the situation of Russian troops. It was in Simferopol that Mendeleev met with Dr.

Nikolai Pirov, saving soldiers at the front. Mendeleev was sent to him at the request of the St. Petersburg doctor N. Pirogov rejected suspicion of consumption and suggested that the patient be non -hazardous heart disease, recommended not overwork and travel more. They did not meet anymore, although the fate of the two scientists will be in touch more than once. A few years later, Pirogov will be sent to lead the training of future Russian professors to Europe, he will settle in Heidelberg just a few months after Mendeleev’s departure, who worked there for two years [2].

In the Simferopol gymnasium, Mendeleev showed himself as a wonderful teacher. He gave lectures loudly, excitedly, used the ornate speech, which was very attractive to students. Then Mendeleev moves to Odessa, where he begins work on his master's thesis about the structure of silica formations by opponents by A. Voskresensky and M. Skoblikov, and a few months later protects it in St.

Petersburg. In the same year, the candidate dissertation "isomorphism in connection with other relationships of the crystalline form to the composition." Work at St. Petersburg University in the year after defending the dissertation "On the structure of silica formations" Mendeleev begins to work at St. Petersburg University. Starting from the second half of the school year, Mendeleev, on behalf of Professor Voskresensky, begins to read the theoretical and historical part of the chemistry program for students of the third and fourth courses.

In the next semester, he already completely read the course of organic chemistry and conducted classes with students in a chemical laboratory. Despite the increase in status, after the transfer from Odessa, Mendeleev began to experience material difficulties. I had to look for a part -time job, and a “magazine of the Ministry of Education” was a rather good source of earnings for Mendeleev.

With the advent of Mendeleev, a boring official publication was literally transformed. The magazine was flooded with notes, abstracts, reviews, articles, translations, reviews from the field of chemistry, physics, biology, geography, industry and other things signed “D. Mendeleev "," D. A popular presentation of the achievements of world science alternated with the news of metallurgy, information about the new areas of use of liquid glass and eggshells.

At the same time, Mendeleev never forgot to note that the importance of opening in the field of abstract knowledge is comparable to the possibility of its practical application. Mendeleev wrote a lot and enthusiastically, well -oriented in the world of scientific and industrial news. At the same time, many of his materials did not fall into print due to large volume, friability and not enough clear presentation-after all, the readers of the magazine were rather simple teachers, and not the university academic public, which, however, did not offend Mendeleev at all [9].

These compilation articles ... serve as a pointer of the fact that even then in me, in excess of the theoretical, there was a practical direction, which was clearly expressed, ”Dmitry Mendeleev later wrote. The main journalistic works of Mendeleev in January of the year Dmitry Mendeleev receives permission for a business trip to Europe "for improving in sciences." For work, the scientist chooses the University of Heidelberg.

Scientific practice abroad showed Mendeleev what problems science experience in his native country. In December, he writes two petitions on the extension of a scientific business trip-to the Council of the Physics and Mathematics Faculty and the trustee of the St. Petersburg training district. In them, he notes that it is difficult to engage in science in Russia and that all the achievements of famous Russian chemists were made by them almost exclusively during their stay abroad.

In addition, among the shortcomings of Russian science, Mendeleev noted a lack of time, manuals for scientists, a small amount of necessary devices.In the subsequent scientific and popularizing activities of Mendeleev, he actively fought with these shortcomings of Russian science. However, the scientist was refused to continue working abroad. Having returned to St.

Petersburg, Dmitry Ivanovich decides to publish a “technical encyclopedia by Wagner”, which was previously engaged in the university professor M. Subsequently, the “encyclopedia in Wagner” generates Mendeleev’s many new interests related to the applied use of science. In addition, the scientist took up the writing of the textbook “Organic Chemistry”, which became the first scientific manual for this discipline.

In the process of working on the 2nd part of the “Fundamentals of Chemistry”, Mendeleev gradually moved from a grouping of elements by valency to their location in similarity of properties and atomic weight. In February, Mendeleev, continuing to ponder the structure of the subsequent sections of the book, came close to the problem of creating a rational system of chemical elements.