Zhuravsky biography

The journal of the Name-in-History Region on September 22 is celebrated by the years of the birth of Andrei Vladimirovich Zhuravsky-a tireless researcher, the founder of the first scientific institution in our region. In his short life and tragic death, white spots still remain. The date of birth of Andrei Zhuravsky is conditional, who was his parents - a secret. The fact is that on this day, September 22, on the porch of the Alexander shelter in Elisavetgrad, the city of Kropyvnitsky in Ukraine now found a baby.

Soon, the captivity was adopted by military engineer Vladimir Ivanovich Zhuravsky and his wife Sofya Kesarevna. They gave the boy the name Andrei and their surname. The adoptive parents of Andrei died early, and he was in the care of his uncle - Mikhail Ivanovich Zhuravsky.

After graduating from a gymnasium, in the year Andrei Zhuravsky entered the Physics and Mathematics Department of St. Petersburg University. However, he studied very mediocre and did not receive a university diploma. Zhuravsky missed lectures and seminars not because of laziness or slopes. After the first year, he went to his first expedition - to Pechora, to the edge with which his entire further life will be associated.

Here he was literally interested in everything - from natural wealth to local crafts, customs and old -faith. The next year was followed by a second expedition, more prepared and equipped with a scientific equipment. In the years with his university friends, Zhuravsky organized two expeditions in the Bolshemelskaya tundra, to Samoyed. The expedition has collected valuable botanical, mineralogical and archaeological collections.

Even then, Zhuravsky substantiated the geological structure of the Bolshezemelskaya tundra and his hypothesis about the retreat of the tundra and warming the climate of the primolar. Zhuravsky’s research received a decent assessment of the scientific community. He was accepted as members of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society, and in the year it was marked by the prestigious gold medal.

In the year, Zhuravsky headed the Pechora experienced natural-historical station of the Imperial Academy of Sciences just created on his initiative. It is noteworthy that the first scientific institution in the region is located not in the city, but in the village of Ust-Tsilma. Not only scientific interests, but also “marriage ties” were associated with this village of Zhuravsky - he was married to the daughter of a local police officer Vera Alekseevna Rogacheva.

The scale of the work of the Pechora station is also amazing scientists to this day. And in the year, the metropolitan newspaper "New Time" wrote that starting from the year the station "managed to introduce a number of plants that were previously considered" hopeless "in the north -willed cycle. Even according to official statistics, agriculture in the Pechora Territory spreads very noticeably: so the crops of rye during this time increased 10 times, barley - by 9, and potatoes - 18 times.

” The achievements of the station were highly appreciated by the famous botanist Professor K. Agrarian experiments, however, were not the only area of ​​activity of the station. Zhuravsky consistently defended the idea of ​​a comprehensive development of the region, the development in the north of not only agriculture and cattle breeding, but also industry, in particular - mountainous.

In one of the expeditions, the station employees found in the valleys of the River of Usa and Vorkuta of the deposits of coal and other minerals. The station was also engaged in the study of the history and life of the population of the region. In the year, the Russian Academy of Sciences for ethnographic research was awarded to the Zhuravsky medal "The Best Scientist - Collector of Russia." And then the ethnographic collections collected, for example, were delivered to the St.

Petersburg Kunstkamer, where they are stored to this day. In the year, Andrei Zhuravsky received an audience with Prime Minister Peter Stolypin, who supported the program of social and industrial development presented by a young scientist. The government, of course, was interested in the prospects for the colonization of the Northern Territory, the development of the deposits of Ukhta oil and the construction of railways.

But among the provincial officials, the activities of the Zhuravsky and the station he head caused a negative reaction. They considered the ideas of an annoying scientist “empty ventures”, and in vain expenses released for maintaining the station maintenance. In the year, financing of the Pechora station was stopped, and its work had to be stopped. For Zhuravsky, it was a painful blow.

From nervous disorder and aggravated tuberculosis, he was even forced to be treated at the resort in Finland. Then there was a divorce from his wife, after which four children remained in the care of Zhuravsky. Nevertheless, in the year, Zhuravsky managed to achieve the opening on the site of the former station of the new - Pechora agricultural experimental. One of her new employees O.

Stepanov became not only an assistant to Andrei Vladimirovich, but also his civil wife. In the same year, the Pechora agricultural station participated in the St. Petersburg agricultural exhibition and was awarded the gold medal "for the development of vegetable growing in the Arctic zone." In the year, constant meteorological observations began at the station.К году здесь были построены двухэтажный дом для служащих, флигель для рабочих, конюшня, сараи для скота и машин, баня.

The station library had about two thousand items. The station was engaged in the study of crop rotation, the selection of new seeds of seeds, the development of potato breeding, poultry farming, fruiting, and a veterinary and bacteriological laboratory for the fight against reindeer epizootics was opened here. Who knows what benefits to our land and fatherland would bring Zhuravsky, what fate would have been waiting for him after the revolution, if not for the tragedy that had played in Ust-Cilmus on August 15.

In the morning of that day, at the threshold of the station, Andrei Zhuravsky was killed by a shot from a gun. The murderer was the clerk of the station Nikolai Tsemin. About the reasons for his act, historians did not come to a consensus. The problem was recognized as insane and placed in a psychiatric hospital. In the documentary story “Pechora Dali”, the writer Lev Smolentsev brought the task as an agent of the guard, whose task he completed.

But was it really so? Zhuravsky, of course, had many enemies, in his correspondence and feuilletons in the provincial newspapers he touched many important people. But the scientist was never a revolutionary and was never a serious danger to the authorities ... Andrei Zhuravsky, according to his will, was buried near the Ust-Tsilma in the town of White Slit, on the high bank of the soap river.

In the year, the ashes of the scientist was reburied on the territory of an experimental agricultural station - on the shores of Pechora. Despite such a short life, Andrei Zhuravsky left a huge legacy in the form of four hundred scientific works published during his lifetime. Not all of his ideas, according to modern scientists, justified themselves, but very many were true and even ahead of time.

And the sharp pen of Zhuravsky owns a great many correspondence, polemic notes, feuilletons in provincial and metropolitan newspapers and magazines. Their exact amount is difficult to determine, since Zhuravsky constantly used dozens of pseudonyms. The memory of Andrei Zhuravsky is immortalized in Ust-Tsilm. His name named the village in which the Pechora Experimental Station was located, and the historical and memorial museum of the village.

Zhuravsky Street is in the capital of Komi. Semenov-Tyan-Shansky, G.