Biography of Rutenberg

Rutenberg: From the terrorists to the oligarchs, he changed names and surnames, religion and party, moved from one country to another, sat in prisons and held the highest state posts, talked with Lenin and Kerensky, Mussolini and Churchill, Zhabotinsky and Ben-Gurion, was engaged in terrorism and business. In his honor, streets and power plants are named, and the company created by him supplies the whole of Israel with electricity.

Destroyer "relatives, blood soldered brothers, comrades-workers! We peacefully went to the tsar for the truth ... And what? Innocent blood still spilled. The beast-cage, his officials-Kazradrads and robbers of the Russian people consciously wanted to be and became killers of our unarmed brothers, wives and children. Bullets of the royal soldiers who killed the royal workers who carried the royal portraits at the Narva outpost, shot these portraits and killed our faith in the king.

So we take revenge, the brothers, damned by the people, the king, all his serpent tsarist spawning, his ministers and all robbers of the unfortunate Russian land! Death to them all! The organizer of the executed manifestation is officially considered their author - the Orthodox priest Georgy Apollonovich Gapon, better known as Pop Gapon. But he owns only words highlighted by italics.

The rest was added by Pyotr Rutenberg, the teacher and friend of the priest, "as Maxim Gorky described it. And judging by the memoirs of Rutenberg, the organizer of the procession on January 9 can also be considered, rather, himself than Gapon: “I could only see Gapon on the 9th in the morning. I found him among several workers, pale, bewildered. There was nothing. I took out a plan of St.

Petersburg in my pocket with the marks prepared in advance. He proposed the most suitable, in my opinion, path for the procession. If the troops shot - barricade the streets, take weapons from the nearest weapons stores and break through at all costs to the Winter Palace! More precisely, who was he in the year? A native of the city of Romna of the Poltava province, the son of the merchant of the second guild of Moses Rutenberg, the grandson of the Kremenchug rabbi Pinhas Margolina.

Education-Heder, the Romen’s Real School, the St. Petersburg Technological Institute, which Rutenberg graduated with honors. He works on the eve of the first Russian revolution as the head of the instrumental workshop of the Putilov plant. Judged and served the link - of course, for participating in student unrest. Belief, and there is a surprise, is Lutherin. He was married, and was baptized precisely in order to marry Olga Khomenko, the mistress of the publishing house "Library for all." According to political views-a social democrat, a supporter of extreme measures.

The party nickname is Martyn, under it he is displayed in the Proletarian novel of Gorky “The Life of Klim Samghin”. From the "memoirs and impressions" of the revolutionary and writer Anatoly Lunacharsky in a year: “I don’t remember in which month, but relatively soon after January, Gapon appeared in Geneva. Vladimir Ilyich is, of course, Lenin, a “non -ethnic person” - Peter Rutenberg, and “some joint actions” - the supply of weapons to Russia for revolutionary organizations.

The largest operation was to be the import of weapons, allegedly bought with the money of the “American billionaires” and in fact - Japanese intelligence, on John Crafton’s boat -out steamer. Rutenberg, who returned to Russia and lived according to two other people's passports, became responsible for the acquisition of weapons for the Socialist -Revolutionary Party.

And also, together with Boris Savinkov and Euno Azef, he developed a plan for undermining on the railway between St. Petersburg and Moscow. But “John Crafton” sat aground, thus, the weapon in St. Petersburg did not hit and the explosion of the bridge on the railway also did not take place. According to the provocateur, Rutenberg was arrested and sat in the Peter and Paul Fortress until the amnesty on October 17, according to which some of the detained revolutionaries came out of the prisons.

In February, another event important in the life of Rutenberg took place-Gapon handed him a proposal to the vice director of the Rachkovsky police department about cooperation with the authorities.

It was not possible to recruit a convinced revolutionary. Moreover, Rutenberg announced the betrayal of Gapon to the leadership of the Socialist Revolutionaries, and it made a decision to liquidate both Gapon and Rachkovsky. Rutenberg himself was entrusted to organize their elimination. However, Rachkovsky was warned of threatening danger, and he managed to escape. Gapon was a little less lucky.

The murder of Gapon on March 28 is one of the darkest episodes in the history of the Russian revolutionary movement. Who framed someone, who was a provocateur, who personally tightened the loop on the neck of Gapon-Rutenberg or Alexander Dickhof-Dendal-many articles and books are written about this, the authors of which give a variety of versions. Now we can definitely say only that Gapon was really killed, although this fact was questioned for a long time, and Ruthenberg fled to Europe again.England, Germany, Italy, Gorky’s dacha at Capri, where, from Rutenberg's table stories, writer Leonid Andreev creates his “darkness”, thereby violating the promise not to turn the former terrorist into the printed word.

The number one returner in Florence the disappointed revolutionary passes the rite of repentance and returns to the faith of the ancestors. Now he, as in childhood, is not Peter, but Pinhas. He, together with Zeevo Zhabotinsky and Joseph Trumpeldor, is developing a plan for creating a “Jewish legion”, which should help the UK to conquer Palestine from the Ottoman Empire.

It invents a new system for building dams for hydroelectric power plants, develops an irrigation and electrification of Eretz-Israel. But at the same time he meets the famous journalist, editor of the magazine "Class Struggle" Benito Mussolini ... For some time, the Russian revolutionary Peter and the Jewish engineer and Zionist Pinhaas exist in parallel. He writes the book “The National Renaissance of the Jewish People” in Italy, and publishes it in the USA in the USA.

But after the February Revolution of the Year, Rutenberg returns to Russia, where the Provisional Government is led by his former Socialist -Revolutionary Companion Alexander Kerensky. He appoints Rutenberg the deputy head of Petrograd, and on November 4, a few days before the Bolsheviks seized power, Kerensky introduces him to the Supreme Council endowed with extraordinary powers. But it was too late.

In fact, Rutenberg in October offered Kerensky to execute Lenin and Trotsky in order to preserve order in Petrograd. Rutenberg was arrested during the assault on the winter along with members and defenders of the Provisional Government, put in the Peter and Paul Fortress and was released only at Gorky's personal application. And after an unsuccessful attempt on Lenin and Red Terror, which unfolded after this, in the year Pinhas Rutenberg leaves Russia again.

This time is forever. Through Kyiv, the capital of the Odessa, independent of Ukraine at that moment, through the White Guard Odessa, where it is delayed for some time in order to lead the supply of the city besieged by the Bolsheviks. And then, when Odessa capitulated, on the ship “Caucasus” for the company with writer Alexei Tolstoy - to Istanbul, from there to France, then to England and, finally, to Palestine.

In the year, he becomes one of the organizers of the Hagan detachments - Jewish self -defense units in the dandem Palestine. And also puts forward the construction plan of 13 power plants with a total capacity of thousands of horsepower to supply electricity to Western Palestine, Transiordania, part of Syria and Lebanon. In this form, the plan was not implemented, but Rutenberg managed to enlist the support of the idea of ​​electrifying Palestine of the British Minister for the Affairs of the Colonies of Winston Churchill and the President of the World Zionist Organization of the famous chemist Haim Weitsman.

Baron Edmon Abraham Benamin James de Rothschild agreed to take partial financing of construction. Everything seemed to have already been decided, when an unexpected problem arose - Greek Evripid Mavromatis, who had the same concession in his hands, only issued before the First World War the previous authorities of Palestine - the Ottoman Empire. Mavromatis was not going to engage in any electricity, he just needed money.

The case reached the constant chamber of international justice in The Hague, which made a Solomonov decision: the right to supply Jerusalem for Mavromatis was recognized as the right to supply Electricity, after which he sold his concession to the British company Balfour-Beatty, which was engaged in the supply of Jerusalem and its surroundings until the Israeli war for independence.

The electrification of the rest of the territory was taken by the JAFFA Electric, which belonged to Pinhas Rutenberg, created in the year. Later it was absorbed in Palestine Electric Company and was jointly transformed into the current state and clumsy electric monopoly of Israel. But it all started with three private diesel power plants-in Tel Aviv, Tver and Haifa.

In the preface, it was vaguely reported that the editors, alas, could not contact the author. And in the year, work began on the main project of Rutenberg - a complex of hydraulic structures “Naharaim” “Mesopotamia” in the Jordanian Valley, at the place of the confluence of Yarmuk in Jordan. They were already built by the beginning of the year, but because of the pouring rains, the hydroelectric power stations flooded from the banks of the river.

And only on June 6, the ceremony of launching a power plant finally passed. She worked for 15 years and was destroyed by the Iraqi army the day before the proclamation of the independence of the state of Israel. Now the ruins of this hydroelectric power station can be seen near the Kibbutz Gesher, on the so-called “island of the world”, formally belonging to Jordan, but de facto related to the mentioned kibbutsu.

In the year, the American magazine Popular Mechanics wrote that Palestine has two words to designate electricity - the Tanachic “Hashmal” and “Rutenberg”.And Pinhaas Rutenberg was twice elected head of Waad Leumi, a representative body of the Jews of the dandem Palestine, was still one of the initiators of the construction of the seaport in Tel Aviv and the creation of the EL AL National Airline.

And there are still a lot of these "more". He died of stomach cancer on January 3 of the year in the Hadassa hospital in Jerusalem. He transferred his condition to the fund, which was supposed to engage in the enlightenment of youth. In his house in Haifa, which is called the "Rutenberg House", the Center for Youth Creativity is still operating, offering a choice of many diverse classes.

Rutenberg's house stands at the top of Mount Carmel. Amazing views of the Mediterranean Sea and the Haifa Bay open from the terrace or balcony. The Haifa power station is also visible. I wonder what else I saw, sitting on my balcony and looking at the sea, the owner of the largest company Palestine? Blood and dead bodies on a snowy pavement, St. Petersburg gateway and a Swiss knife with a set of blades, one of which cuts his hair from the head of his dead friend, because long hair is a special sign, and his corpse will be looking for?

A drinking beer in the Swiss cafe of a social democrat, who then will be so carried away by electricity that Goelro will come up with his plan? Or the Florentine synagogue, in which Peter Rutenberg again became Pinhas Rutenberg?