Serafimovich biography

Serafimovich lasted six decades. She connected two huge literary eras. Serafimovich entered the literature by the younger contemporary of L. Tolstoy and A. Chekhov, the first steps of the young writer were approved by V. Korolenko and G. Serafimovich was the successor of the best traditions of advanced Russian literature of the 19th century. At the same time, his work is inseparable from the era of the proletarian revolution.

He was one of the initiators of proletarian literature. Serafimovich was born in the village of Nizhne-Kurmoyarskaya now Tsimlyansky district of the Rostov region in the family of the Don Cossack, Esaul, the treasurer of the Cossack regiment. He spent his childhood in Poland, then in the village of Ust-Medveditskaya from the year-the city of Serafimovich.

In the years he studied at the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of St. Petersburg University. The beginning of the creative biography of the writer is connected with the Mezenskaya link, where he wrote the first story - “On the Ice”. It was printed in the bourgeois liberal newspaper Russian Vedomosti in the year. In the same newspaper, two more stories of Serafimovich were printed in the year - “in the tundra” in the collected works entered under the heading “Snow Desert” and “on the rafts”.

In exile, Alexander Serafimovich Popov Serafimovich was in the case of Alexander Ulyanov, with whom he was in close friendship at the university. The execution of Alexander Ulyanov shocked Serafimovich, and he writes an ardent appeal, a proclamation in which he calls for the fight against tsarism. This proclamation caused the arrest, and then Serafimovich’s links. The police department notified the Archangel Governor of Prince Golitsyn that A.

Popov was accused of political unreliability and that G. G. The Arkhangelsk governor appointed him to Mezen, where Serafimovich stayed a year. From August to the summer of the year, he served a link in Pinega. In the southerly Serafimovich, the provincial northern town of Mezen and the harsh climate of the Arctic made a difficult impression: “A small town of Mezen is a very deaf and gystoy place.

There is terrible dampness, fogs and almost constant devilish frosts! Probably, the words “deaf and gyune” Serafimovich characterizes not only the heavy northern climate, but also the conditions of the social life of the northerners. At the literary evening in Moscow on November 1, he shared his memories: “In order to go to sea, we need funds, you need a boat, food, clothes, weapons, supplies, and Pomors, of course, have nothing of this.

The fist gives them and writes everything. And when Pomor comes from the catch, it turns out that he not only has nothing left, but he still owes his fist. And so from year to year hopeless. ” In exile, Serafimovich met with P. Moiseenko, the organizer of the famous strike at the Morozov factory in Orekhovo-Zuevo. Human fishermen often went to the political exile, told them about their life.

Then, apparently, the case, which formed the basis of the story “On the ice”, became known to Serafimovich. This story was written for a long time, for a whole year, and the first readers are more or rather his listeners were comrades on the link. The story tells of the heavy fate of Pomor-Bednik Soroka, about his tragic death in the sea. Magpie is forced to go into a fist of Vorona: he has a shabby kowan hut, family, hungry children, debts.

And although all the fishing will go to pay debts, he breaks on an ice floe in order to get the beast at least in order to pay, it could be borrowed again. And already returning with rich booty, he hears the ice creak and creaked, looking up from the coastal edge. Throw prey - and he will still have time to escape. But the fear of hunger and needs is stronger than the fear of death.

The forty, along with his prey, is alone on an ice floe, in the middle of a deserted cold sea, doomed to death. In the story “The Snow Desert”, the social foundation is somewhat muffled, because the author allows too much a place to describe the spiritual experiences of his hero during a trip along the tundra, his perception of the nature of the North, landscape sketches.

Only a part of a rather large story is occupied by the story of Samoyed Lambey, who killed his wife, and the denouement of this story. But the fact that Seraphimovich was one of the first in Russian literature spoke of a small, living in the darkness and ignorance of the northern people - Nenets or Samoyed, as they were then called, spoke with sympathy - this one indicates the humanistic direction of Seraphimovich's early work.

The story “On the rafts” is close on the topic of the first story of Serafimovich. Just like Pomor Soroku on an ice floe, a peasant Kuzma Tolokonnikov kicked an acute need into the forest. He is overcome by the same “thoughts about the economy, about how much he will help out from the rafts, how he will bring the ends with the ends of Kuzma a forest for the whole winter, lives in a curly taiga hut, and“ a circle of hundreds of miles, no human voice, only frozen, snowy swamps and centuries of forest up to the empty sea ”.

And when spring came, rivers spilled, Kuzma drove his raft to Arkhangelsk. But in front of the river, the river riverbed blocked the rafts of other men.And Kuzma directs his tile to the corner to the seam of the blocking passage of the raft. At the cost of irreparable damage caused to others, Kuzma conducts its “tile”, drives it to Arkhangelsk and passes the forest. The most important feature of the early work of Serafimovich was the courageous and harsh realism in the depiction of people of labor, free from sentimental pity and from hostile condemnation of the gross cruelty of their life and morals.

Serafimovich does not hide that his heroes are capable of being cruel. Magpies soldes Samoyed to take deer from him, Kuzma Tolokonnikov, without hesitation, breaks the rafts of other rafting to save their tiles of the forest. But at the same time, the writer shows how, in conditions of exhausting labor, hardy bold people are pierced, capable of withstanding inhuman physical overvoltage and surviving when it seems it seems it is already impossible to live.

The ideological formation of Seraphimovich as a proletarian writer occurs later, under the influence of the revolutionary events of the year, under the influence of Gorky. In the early works, he does not go further than a humanistic protest against the unbearable conditions of the existence of labor people. But the first stories of Serafimovich testify to his democratic orientation, that from the very beginning the writer's work has developed in the line of democratic traditions of advanced Russian literature.

To a certain extent, adjoins the three first and the story “Forest Life”. This story under the title “In the Forest” was first published in the year in the first issue of the magazine “Family and School”. When Serafimovich was in exile in Pinega, he, contrary to a strict ban, often went with a gun to hunt. His companions were local peasants, sometimes boys. He was delighted with the ability of village boys to navigate in the forest atmosphere, to get out of the most difficult provisions.

These impressions were reflected in the story. There are many lakes with wooded islands. The area is very picturesque hero of the story - twelve -year -old peasant boy Mitya, at the heart of the plot - his night adventure on the hunt. This is a typical hunting story, written by the already confident hand of the master. A large place in the story is occupied by a colorful forest landscape.

But most of all, Serafimovich is attracted by the charming image of the village boy Mitya. The writer managed to get into the inner world of the young hero, correctly showed the psychology of the teenager and gave a deeply justified and artistically subtle image of his experiences during a night adventure on the lake. A special place among Serafimovich’s works on the northern themes is occupied by the story “At the Cold Sea”, first published in the year in the magazine Modern World.

This is an autobiographical story, in it with great details describes the environment, life and life of exiles in Mezen, among which, Serafimovich was located. According to the writer, “there is nothing composed in the story”, “living portraits” are given. Serafimovich does not embellish himself in the story either. He truthfully recreates his experiences in exile, the vague expectation of distant and elusive happiness.

However, the story “At the Cold Sea”, truthfully reproducing life and the conditions of political reference in the north on the eve of the revolutionary upsurge of the 10ths of the last century, has a certain historical and literary significance. This story is a certificate of a contemporary, an artistic document covering the page of the past, a page from the history of the revolutionary struggle in Russia at one of its stages.

In the large creative heritage of A. Serafimovich, the author of the stories about the year, the novel “City in the Steppe” and the classic work of literature of socialist realism - the novel “Iron Stream” - stories about the North do not occupy a leading place, but they have some interest for the reader. These stories give reason to draw conclusions about how at the very beginning of the creative path the socio-political views of Seraphimovich were formed, as some features of the creative manner of an outstanding writer were already determined then.

In the year, Serafimovich received permission to serve the remaining term of punishment in his homeland, and years in Ust-Medveditskaya. The writer works a lot and fruitfully, creates the excellent stories “Switch”, “Underground”, “Ice Master”, “Frantic”, “Little Shakhtar” and others. After the publication of the book “Essays and Stories”, the year Serafimovich moved to Moscow, entered the literary group “Wednesday”, met M.

Gorky, collaborated in the publishing house “Knowledge”. In the essays and stories “among the night”, “pogrom”, “on Presnya” and others, they were reflected in the event of the era of the revolution - years after which historicism intensifies in the work of Serafimovich, the understanding of the laws of the bourgeois world is deepened by the story “Sands” and others. The novel “City in the steppe” is deployed as a generalized history of Russian industrial capitalism.

The stories and essays of Serafimovich of the period of the 1st World War-years are distinguished by a sober understanding of the scale of the popular disaster, show the growth of anti-war and revolutionary sentiments among the people. Serafimovich welcomed the February and October Revolutions of the year. As a military correspondent of Pravda was on many fronts of the Civil War.

He became a member of the CPSU in the year. Serafimovich’s military journalism praised V. The main result of the writer's life of Seraphimovich was the novel “Iron Stream” for the year - one of the classic works of Soviet literature, which is based on the historical fact - the heroic campaign of the Taman Army, under the command of E., in the years, Serafimovich published a series of essays on the collectivization of the Don steppes, worked on autobiographical work.

In February, Alexander Serafimovich arrived in Arkhangelsk. The Arkhangelogorites warmly and warmly met the author of the famous novel "Iron Stream". Head of the Arkhangelsk Regional Branch of the Writers Union K.