Lomonosov biography story

Lomonosov’s father - Vasily Dorofeevich - was a real Pomor: bold, hardworking, entrepreneurial, energetic. He owned the house with the court and the pond in which the fish was bred. Vasily Dorofeevich was engaged in peasant labor, sea fish and St. John's wort, transportation of goods. Mikhail’s mother is Elena Ivanovna Sivkova, daughter of Dyakon. Leaving an orphan early, she already spun the wool at the age of 10, she woven rugs.

Elena Ivanovna was a good mistress, wife and loved her son very much. With caring care, the boy grew up healthy, strong, smart. Mother gave him all her warmth and care, as if she felt close death. Children on the kurostrovo learned to row and rule with a boat early. From the age of ten, Mikhail went with his father to fish. It was hard and dangerous work: the salt corroded his fingers, his arms and shoulders whined, but the boy learned not to succumb to fatigue.

For almost nine years, Mikhail, together with his father, made distant sea transitions to the Arctic Ocean and to the New Earth. Since childhood, he was well acquainted with the crafts of Pomerania: bone carving, salt lump, catching pearl shells, hunting for seal, walrus, sea hare. Michael's carefree childhood ended in children's memories of her, the boy kept deep in the heart.

The death of his mother was a heavy blow to him. The new wife of her father - Irina Semenovna - turned out to be the "evil stepmother." The thirst for knowledge has mastered Mikhail since childhood. Semyon Nikitich Sabelnikov, a local clerk, taught the boy to read and write. And at the age of 14, young Lomonosov became the best reader in the village and the parish church. In the north they loved and respected books.

They were protected as the greatest shrine. The largest library on the kurostrov was in the Dudins family. Here, Lomonosov first saw the “grammar” of Melentiy Smozitsky and the “arithmetic” by Leonty Magnitsky, for the study of which great patience and perseverance were required. He subsequently called them "gates of his scholarship." At the same time, Lomonosov was addicted to verses.

The psalter made a great impression on him, which Simeon Polotsky shifted in verses. From his first teacher, Mikhail learned that "to acquire great knowledge and scholarship, it is necessary to know the Latin language." And they could only take possession of Moscow, Kyiv or St. Petersburg. And he caught fire to leave to study. His decision accelerated the following circumstance.

Vasily Dorofeevich dreamed of leaving his son and economy, and in order to keep him at home, he decided to marry. And having taken three rubles of money from his neighbor Foma Shubnoy and begging a half -fire from him, on December 9, Lomonosov went to Moscow with the next caravan of fish. On the way, he lingered in the Antonia-Si monastery near his uncle-Ivan Dorofeevich, turning to him with a request to help money, but was refused.

I had to lay half a caftan one of the peasants. Three weeks later, in early January, Mikhailo Lomonosov arrived in Moscow. At first, the young man met a large city, and then began to choose an educational institution where you can get the education he needed. Initially, Lomonosov stopped his choice at the mathematical-navigatsky school. Here, many sciences were taught, but the Latin course was not included in the training course, which was at that time an international scientific language.

In mid -January, Lomonosov had to hide his origin and be called the son of the Kholmogorsk nobleman in other sources - the Kholmogorsk priest, since peasant children were not accepted there. He was at that time 19 years old. Michael was enrolled in the lowest class, although he knew how to read, write, knew the basics of arithmetic. Lomonosov recalled: "Schoolchildren, small guys, scream and indicate with fingers: look, what a blank at the age of 20 Latin came to study." The guys of the years studied with him, and mockery could not be avoided.

But thanks to the natural mind and talent, Lomonosov graduated from three classes in one year and moved to the fourth.

At the Academy, he studied Latin, geography, arithmetic, history, literature, oratory. Unlike other students who spent free time in games and pranks, Lomonosov read books and annals in the monastery library. In Spassky schools, the young man spent 5 years. In the city of Lomonosov, after a thorough test of knowledge, he became a student at the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Mikhail Vasilyevich distinguished a very serious attitude towards science.

Soon, the president of the Academy Baron Korf decided to send three best students to Germany, among whom was our summer fellow countryman. They had to study chemistry, physics, physical geography, mechanics, mining, foreign languages ​​in Germany. Only 8 months spent Lomonosov at the Academy before his departure to Germany. All this time he was engaged in science, poetry, studied German.

At the end of September, Glory was going on about Marburg University as the best scientific and educational center of Europe. Students of Marburg led a carefree lifestyle. It was so unusual after severe discipline in Russian educational institutions. At the University, Lomonosov began to study philosophy, mechanics, optics, learn drawing. Soon the young man began to attend lectures on chemistry.

In NovemberLomonosov sent to the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences his first student dissertation "Work on physics on the transformation of a solid body into liquid depending on the movement of the previous fluid." He was a favorite disciple of Christian Wolf, never missed lectures of a famous chemist and was applied to the teaching. Wolf recalled Lomonosov: “I loved to see this high forehead in the lecture hall, this look, shining with the mind.

But ah! How often this forehead is decorated with an ominous bump, and the lantern under the eye shines brighter than the radiance of the mind. He was modest in everyday life, led a measured lifestyle, his breakfast consisted of "several herring and a good portion of beer." The young man spent the main part of the money on books, paid at the table and apartment.

Soon, the young man became carried away by the modest sweet daughter of the mistress of the house - Elizabeth Tsilch. He saw that she was brought up in good family traditions. This hobby grew into a deep feeling. After a two -year acquaintance, in the city of Lomonosov and Elizabeth, Tsilh got married. They had a daughter Ekaterina-Elizabeth, who was considered illegitimate. In July, before their departure, Wolf handed everyone a certificate of successes they achieved.

He attended lectures on metallurgy and mining and at the same time studied the works on these sciences, visited the Saxony mines. In Germany, Lomonosov continued to engage in poetry. From Freiberg, he sent to St. Petersburg an ode “to capture Khotin” - about the events of the Russo -Turkish war. According to V. Belinsky, it was from this work of Lomonosov that Russian literature began.

Together with Oda, he sent to the Academy of Sciences the work "A letter about the rules of Russian poetry." In May, Freiberg left the future scientist. The reason for this was bad relationships with Genkel. The period of the wandering of Lomonosov in Europe began rich in events. First, he went to Marburg to see Elizabeth Tsilch. Then Mikhail Vasilievich began to move from city to city in search of money.

He was almost recruited to the Prussian army. In April, he temporarily left his wife in Marburg. The first task that the young scientist received was the compilation of the “Mineral Catalog” of the Kunstkamera. Lomonosov spent several months on this work. The catalog of stones he compiled included pages with a description of samples in Latin. In the summer of g.