Vernadsky photo biography

Vernadsky - GG. Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky was born in St. Petersburg on February 28 on March 12. His mother, Anna Petrovna, was a noblewoman, and father, Ivan Vasilyevich Vernadsky, was an ordinary professor at the Department of Political Economy and Statistics of the Imperial Moscow University and an official on special instructions under the Minister of the Interior. In the year, Vernadsky moved to Kharkov, where Vladimir began his studies at the gymnasium.

After the family returned to St. Petersburg in the year, he continued his studies at the First St. Petersburg classical gymnasium. In the year, Vernadsky entered the natural department of the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Imperial St. Petersburg University. He was lucky to study at the galaxy of great scientists. Among his teachers were the chemist D. Mendeleev, soil scientist V.

Dokuchaev, Botanik A. In the memoirs of V. Vernadsky about the student years, the following words are contained: “At the lectures of many of them - in the first year at the lectures of Mendeleev, Beketov, Dokuchaev - the new world was opened before us, and we all rushed passionately and energetically into the scientific work, to which we were so inconsistent and incompletely incompletely and incompletely Prepared by a past life.

Eight years of gymnasium life seemed to us in vain lost time, the unnecessary art that the government system caused our indignation caused our deaf indignation forced us. ” Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev, according to V. Vernadsky, excited "the deepest aspirations of the human person to knowledge and his active application." After graduation from the University, V. Vernadsky became an employee of the Department of Mineralogy and the keeper of the Mineralogical Cabinet of the Imperial St.

Petersburg University. In the year, V. Vernadsky was awarded the degree of candidate of natural sciences for the study of the physical properties of isomorphic mixtures. In the year, Vernadsky married Natalia Egorovna Staritskaya. In subsequent years, their son George and daughter Nina was born. After graduating from the university, in the period from the year, V. Vernadsky was the keeper of the Mineralogical Museum of St.

Petersburg University. In the year he will be sent abroad for work on mineralogy and crystallography. For two years, he worked in Italy, Germany, and mainly in France among professors Fuke and Leshtel, where he got acquainted with the methods of synthesis of minerals and their definition. Vernadsky returned to Russia and took part in the soil expedition by V.

Autumn of the year, Vernadsky moved to Moscow and joined the Imperial Moscow University as a privat-preservation of the Department of Crystallography and Mineralogy. His duties included the development of lectures on mineralogy and crystallography; streamlining the mineralogical office and museum; Conducting research in a chemical laboratory. In the year, at St.

Petersburg University, V. Vernadsky defended his thesis on the title of Mineralogy and Geognosion on the topic “On the Sillimanite group and the role of clay in silicates”. In the year, Vernadsky defended his doctoral dissertation on the topic: "Phenomena of sliding of the crystalline substance." In the year, he receives the title of extraordinary, and in the year - an ordinary professor of the Imperial Moscow University.

He teaches courses on mineralogy, crystallography and the history of natural science at Moscow University and at Moscow Higher Women's Courses. At the University of Moscow, he worked before the twenty -year period of work at the university, he created textbooks on mineralogy and crystallography, fundamentally rebuilt the teaching of these disciplines, streamlined and developed at the same time the university’s mineralogy museum.

In work with students, Vernadsky focused on practical classes, encouraged students independent research work: he organized mineralogical excursions, combined work in the field and in the laboratory, selected new, unexplored topics for research, helped publish data on their development in leading European journals on mineralogy and crystallography. Vernadsky managed to create a strong scientific school: 77 original scientific research appeared under his leadership, and his students took the flagship positions in Russian mineralogy.

According to student V. Vernadsky, academician A. Fersman, “the Vernadsky school became not only a slogan, but a real center of scientific thought, and large people - professors, academicians - grew around him, always eating the life juices of his ideas.” Vernadsky was a delegate to the Zemstvo Congress, which sought to introduce the constitution, civil freedoms and the election of the State Duma.

A year later, he took part in the creation of the Constitutional Democratic Cadet Party and became part of its Central Committee. Twice, in and gg. Vernadsky was elected to the State Council from the Academy of Sciences and Universities. In the city of Vernadsky, he was elected the adjunct of the Academy of Sciences, and in Timiryazev and others in protest against the reactionary policy of the Minister of Code in relation to higher education he left Moscow University and moved to St.

Petersburg, where he worked at the Geological Museum of the Imperial Academy of Sciences.In the year, he received the title of ordinary academician of the Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Since then, until his death, his scientific activity was mainly at the Academy of Sciences. Vernadsky was a member of the French and Czechoslovak academies of science, was a member of a number of scientific foreign societies, was the vice president of the International Commission to determine the age of the Earth with radioactive methods.

After the February Revolution, Vernadsky was part of the Provisional Government as a comrade of the Minister of Education. In the year, he became one of the founders and the first president of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, began to read a geochemistry course at the University of Kiev. In the year, he became the rector of the Tauride University in Simferopol.

However, already in the year he was recognized as politically unreliable and was expelled to Moscow. He also managed to organize an expedition to the alleged place of the fall of the Tunguska meteorite. In the summer of the same year, Vernadsky was arrested on suspicion of espionage. But, thanks to the petition of the President of the Russian Academy of Sciences A. Karpinsky, who sent a telegram to V.

Lenin and the People's Commissar of Education Anatoly Lunacharsky, Vernadsky was released. Even before the revolution, in the year V. Vernadsky paid special attention to the need for a systematic study from the geological and mineralogical points of view of manifestations of radioactivity in nature, which ultimately led to the creation of a radio commission. In the year, Vernadsky took part in the creation of a radio institute, which he headed for a year.

In this post, he actively organized expeditions and laboratories for the search and study of radioactive minerals. In the years, Vernadsky gave a course of lectures on geochemistry in the Sorbonne. Returning to his homeland, he organizes a department of living matter at the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, implying a set of living organisms of the biosphere by the term “living matter”.

In the year, Vernadsky moved to Moscow. The next year, due to health problems, V. Vernadsky had to go to Karlovy Varya for treatment. After undergoing a course of treatment, he worked in Paris, London, in Germany. Abroad, Vernadsky worked on the book “Scientific Thought as a Planetary Phenomenon”, which was published only in the year. In years, due to political repressions, V. Vernadsky left all administrative posts, remaining a member of the geological, geographical, chemical, physical and mathematical departments of the Academy of Sciences.

Without engaging in politics directly, Vernadsky retained an active civic position, standing up for his repressed employees. After the start of World War II, the Vernadsky family was evacuated to Kazakhstan, where Vladimir Ivanovich continued active scientific work. He worked on large -scale work “The chemical structure of the Earth’s biosphere and its environment” wrote a number of articles, including “Several Reasons about Meteority Problems”, “On the need for organized work on cosmic dust”, “A few words about Noosphere”.

In February, after 56 years of marriage, the wife of Vernadsky, Natalya Egorovna, whose departure he was seriously worried, died. In March, by the summer anniversary, Vernadsky was awarded the Stalin Prize of the 1st degree "for many years of outstanding work in the field of science and technology." Vernadsky gave the monetary part of the award to the defense fund and the families of the dead and repressed colleagues.

In the summer of the year, Vernadsky returned from evacuation to Moscow. At the end of December, Vernadsky had an extensive stroke. Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky wrote hundreds of scientific papers and raised a whole generation of talented scientists. He made a huge contribution to mineralogy, geology, soil science, geochemistry, became the founder of the new science - biogeochemistry.

A special place in the inheritance of Vernadsky is occupied by his scientific and philosophical doctrine of the biosphere and noosphere, briefly formulated by him as follows: “We live in an unprecedentedly new, geologically bright era. A person with his labor - and his conscious attitude to life - processes the earth's shell - the geological area of ​​life - the biosphere. He translates her into a new geological state; His work and consciousness of the biosphere passes into the noosphere.

It is created in the biosphere of new biogeochemical processes that have not existed before.

The biogeochemical history of chemical elements - the planetary phenomenon - is changing sharply. On our planet, for example, new free metals and their alloys are created in huge masses, which have never existed in it. These are, for example, aluminum, magnesium, calcium. Vegetable and animal life is changed in a sharp way. New races and types are created. The face of the planet is changing in the deepest way.

The stage of the noosphere is created. "